Additional Case Studies
Oslo has an integrated waste management system that is based on the Waste Management Hierarchy. In 2006, more than 200,000 tonnes household waste was collected and of this 1% was reused, 27% material recovered, 67% energy recovered and only 5% went to landfill. 58,000 tonnes of CO2 were avoided through use of waste to generate energy for the city’s district heating system.Oslo has an integrated waste management system that is based on the Waste Management Hierarchy. In 2011, about 240,000 tonnes household waste was collected and of this 1% was reused, 33% recycled, 60% energy recovered and only 6% went to landfill.
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In 2005, Ann Arbor established a moratorium on new street lighting aimed at helping keep costs under control. As part of this cost cutting initiative, the City began trialing LEDs for general lighting purposes. LEDs reduce lighting energy requirements by 50% or more, but their greatest benefit is that they last much longer than conventional bulbs, reducing labor and maintenance costs. In Ann Arbor, this will translate to annual CO2 reductions of 2,200 tonnes and annual savings of @$100 per fixture.
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The City of The Hague has developed an innovative energy concept that consists of a seawater central supply unit with a heat exchanger and heat pump unit that uses the nearby sea as a temperature source. The Hague and Vestia Housing Corporation have partnered with Deerns to implement this energy source in the reconstruction of 750 of the 3,000 dwellings located within Duindorp. Duindorp lies along the North Sea Coast and consists mainly of small family houses built between 1915 and 1931, formerly occupied by fishermen. The seawater central supply unit is connected via a distribution grid to the individual houses. Each housing unit will have an individual heat pump for further heating.
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Resource Efficiency Groups (REGs) have been in operation at each region/business unit of ABP since the start of 2005. The purpose of the REGs and the projects they develop is to achieve measurable reductions in resource usage. The strategy has proved highly successful and has achieved year-on-year reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
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Oslo has reduced energy consumption by 70% and CO2 emissions by 1440 tonnes per year by introducing an innovative and energy-efficient form of street lighting. 10,000 high-pressure sodium lights using an “intelligent lighting” system that adjusts light according to need have been introduced around the city.
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In 2000, the United Nations Development Program approved the Vietnam Energy Efficiency Public Lighting Project (VEEPL) – an ambitious and comprehensive $15 m USD plan to install and promote the use of energy efficient lighting in streets, schools, and hospitals across the country. The investment has succeeded in reducing CO2 emissions by 8,300 tons CO2 annually in the first three regions – this will grow to 100,000 tons as the program rolls out nationally. Importantly VEEPL is setting up a sustainable long-term lighting industry that is generating local manufacturing, services, with jobs and expertise.
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The partnership between ASE and CAGECE (the northeast state of Ceara's water utility) resulted in significant increase of water distribution efficiency by the utility, and related energy savings of 88 GWh in energy during 4 years, which translated into $2.5 million in savings per year from $1.1 million USD investment. It allowed connecting to the water system 88,000 homes that did not have access previously. Through the partnership, CAGECE was able to meet state imposed power rationing goals set at reductions of 20% over normal usage.
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Göteborg, Sweden, adopted a system that cuts emissions by 94-97% for ships at berth. It has done this by using renewable energy from wind turbines to power ships at berth. Currently most ships get their electricity supply through onboard power generation by auxiliary diesel engines – a highly polluting and energy consuming method. In 2004, the scheme won the European Commission’s 'Clean Marine Award’ for outstanding environmental achievement. While Göteborg does this on a small scale it has great potential to be expanded.
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Ann Arbor’s Energy Fund demonstrates that energy efficiency can pay for itself in the long term. Through an initial allocation of $500,000 over five years, and by capturing 80% of the resulting savings, the city has implemented energy efficiency projects in its buildings and throughout the city that pay back their investments in 3-5 years, eliminating the need for additional annual appropriations.
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Stuttgart saves around 7200 tonnes of CO2 each year through an innovative form of internal contracting, making use of a revolving fund to finance energy and water-saving measures. The city is able to reinvest savings directly into new activities, creating a virtuous circle of environmental improvements and emissions reductions.
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